Introducing Heft: The Modern Build Tool Replacing Gulp in SharePoint Framework (SPFx)

For a long time, Gulp was the default build tool for SharePoint Framework (SPFx) projects. Developers relied on familiar commands like gulp serve and gulp bundle to compile, package, and deploy their SPFx solutions.

However, as SPFx applications grew in size and complexity, the traditional Gulp-based build system began to struggle with performance, scalability, and long-term maintainability.

To address these challenges, Microsoft introduced Heft - a modern build orchestrator from the Rush Stack ecosystem - and made it the default SPFx build tool starting with SPFx v1.22.

In this article, we’ll explore the differences between SPFx Heft vs Gulp, why Microsoft made the switch, and how Heft improves the modern SharePoint Framework development workflow.

The Gulp Era in SharePoint Framework (SPFx)

In the early days, Gulp handled almost everything in an SPFx project:

• Compiling TypeScript
• Bundling with Webpack
• Running the local dev server
• Packaging .sppkg files
• Automating the build pipeline

Typical workflows looked like this:

gulp serve
gulp bundle --ship
gulp package-solution --ship

For small projects, this worked fine. For large, long-living enterprise solutions, it did not.

Why Gulp Started to Fail

1. Slow Builds at Scale: Gulp runs tasks mostly sequentially, lacks smart caching, and often triggers full rebuilds for small changes. Result: Slow feedback loops and reduced productivity.

2. Fragile gulpfile.js: Task chains become complex, hard to debug, and frequently break during SPFx upgrades. Result: Build scripts harder to maintain than the app.

3. Poor Fit for Monorepos & Enterprise: Gulp wasn’t designed for monorepos, sharing build logic was painful, and dependency conflicts were common. Result: Scaling SPFx across teams became difficult.

4. Weak Type Safety & Debugging: Mostly JavaScript-based with unclear errors and poor traceability across tools. Result: Developers spent more time debugging the toolchain than writing features.

Enter Heft: The Modern SPFx Build Tool

Heft is a modern build orchestrator from Microsoft’s Rush Stack team, built to support large, enterprise-scale TypeScript solutions.

Unlike Gulp, which is a general-purpose task runner, Heft understands how modern development tools relate to one another - including TypeScript, ESLint, Jest, and Webpack.

Heft focuses on:

• Clearly defined build phases
• Plugin-based architecture
• Incremental builds and smart caching
• Parallel execution where possible

SPFx internally uses Heft to handle:

• Compilation
• Bundling
• Linting
• Testing
• Packaging

SPFx Workflow Update: With SPFx v1.22, Gulp is replaced by Heft - but the developer experience remains familiar.

Task	Command
Dev Server	heft start
Production Build	heft build --production
Package	heft package-solution --production

These commands are mapped to standard npm scripts (npm start, npm run build), so day-to-day development workflows remain unchanged.

SPFx Heft vs Gulp: What Actually Changed?

Feature	Gulp	Heft
Build approach	Scripted tasks	Phase-based orchestration
Performance	Slower at scale	Faster with caching & parallelism
Configuration	gulpfile.js	JSON-based configs
Type safety	Limited	Strong
Monorepo support	Weak	Built-in
Debugging	Hard to trace	Clear errors & logs

Deployment: What Did NOT Change

The deployment process remains exactly the same:

• Output is still a .sppkg file
• Deployment still happens via:
• SharePoint App Catalog
• CI/CD pipelines (Azure DevOps, GitHub Actions)

Only the build engine changed - not the deployment process.

Node.js & SPFx Compatibility

• SPFx v1.21.1+ → Node.js 22 LTS
• Older SPFx → Node.js 16 / 18
• SPFx ≤ 1.21 uses the Gulp-based toolchain
• Heft becomes the default starting from SPFx 1.22

Heft officially replaces Gulp starting with SPFx 1.22 onward.

Why Heft Actually Matters

Moving to Heft brings real, practical benefits:

• Faster rebuilds
• Less configuration code
• Fewer breaking changes
• Consistent builds across teams

Less time fighting the build system, more time writing features.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is Heft in SharePoint Framework (SPFx)?

Heft is a modern build orchestrator developed by Microsoft’s Rush Stack team. It replaces the traditional Gulp-based build system in SharePoint Framework (SPFx) starting from version 1.22, providing faster builds, better scalability, and improved developer experience.

Why did Microsoft replace Gulp with Heft in SPFx?

Microsoft replaced Gulp with Heft to improve performance, maintainability, and scalability of SPFx projects. While Gulp worked well for smaller solutions, it struggled with large enterprise applications. Heft introduces incremental builds, parallel execution, and modern tooling integration.

Is Gulp still used in SPFx projects?

Yes, older SPFx versions (up to 1.21) still use the Gulp-based build system. Starting from SPFx version 1.22, Heft is the default build tool for all new and updated projects.

Does Heft change the SPFx deployment process?

No. The deployment process remains unchanged. Developers still generate .sppkg files and deploy them through the SharePoint App Catalog or automated CI/CD pipelines such as Azure DevOps and GitHub Actions.

Which Node.js version should be used with Heft in SPFx?

SPFx version 1.21.1 and later support Node.js 22 LTS, while older SPFx versions typically rely on Node.js 16 or 18 depending on compatibility.

Final Thoughts

Gulp served SPFx well in its early days, but modern enterprise needs demanded something better.

Heft is not just a replacement, it’s an upgrade.

The shift from Gulp to Heft reflects Microsoft’s move toward a faster, and more scalable build system for SharePoint Framework projects.

If you have any questions, reach out to our SharePoint Consulting team here.